get-AllUserGroups (PS)

Return all the users groups, without installing Microsoft Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT), Active Directory Module for Windows PowerShell.

Function Get-AllUserGroups 
{ 
  [cmdletbinding()] 
  param() 

  $Groups = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Groups 

  foreach ($Group in $Groups)
  { 
    $GroupSID = $Group.Value $GroupName = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($GroupSID) 
    $GroupDisplayName = $GroupName.Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])
    $GroupDisplayName 
  } 
}

Thanks to KFR for this example